Albert Einstien Essays - Albert Einstein, Theory Of Relativity

Albert Einstien People of Science Albert Einstein Early Life Einstein was conceived in Ulm, Germany on Mar. 14, 1879. Einstein's folks, who were non perceptive Jews, moved from Ulm to Munich, Germany when Einstein was a newborn child. The privately-owned company was the production of electrical parts. At the point when the business fizzled, in 1894, the family moved to Milan, Italy. As of now Einstein concluded formally to end his German citizenship. Inside a year, still without having finished optional school, Einstein bombed an assessment that would have permitted him to seek after a course of study prompting a recognition as an electrical designer at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. He spent the following year in close by Aarau at the cantonal auxiliary school, where he appreciated amazing educators and first-rate offices in quite a while. Einstein returned in 1896 to the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, where he graduated, in 1900 as an optional teacher of arithmetic and material science. Following two years he got a post at the Swiss patent office in Bern. The patent-office work required Einstein's cautious consideration, however while utilized (1902-1909) there, he finished a bewildering scope of distributions in hypothetical material science. Generally these writings were written in his extra time and without the advantage of close contact with either the logical writing or theoretician partners. Einstein submitted one of his logical papers to the University of Zurich to get a Ph.D. degree in 1905. In 1908 he sent a second paper to the University of Bern and turned into a speaker there. The following year Einstein got a normal arrangement as partner educator of material science at the University of Zurich. By 1909, Einstein was perceived all through German-speaking Europe as a main logical scholar. With hardly a pause in between he held residencies at the German University of Prague and at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. In 1914 he progressed to the most renowned and best-paying post that a hypothetical physicist could hold in focal Europe, teacher at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Gesellschaft in Berlin. The 1905 papers In the first of three papers that were distributed in 1905, Einstein analyzed the marvel found by Max Planck, as per which electromagnetic vitality appeared to be transmitted from emanating objects in amounts that were eventually discrete. The vitality of these transmitted amounts, the supposed light-quanta was straightforwardly corresponding to the recurrence of the radiation. This condition was bewildering in light of the fact that old style electromagnetic hypothesis, in view of Maxwell's conditions and the laws of thermodynamics, had expected that electromagnetic vitality comprised of waves spreading in a speculative, all-inescapable medium called the luminiferous ether, and that the waves could contain any measure of vitality regardless of how little. Einstein utilized Planck's quantum theory to depict obvious electromagnetic radiation, or light. As per Einstein's clever perspective, light could be envisioned to comprise of discrete groups of radiation. Einstein utilized this tr anslation to clarify the photoelectric impact, by which certain metals radiate electrons when enlightened by light with a given recurrence. Einstein's hypothesis, and his resulting elaboration of it, framed the reason for a lot of quantum mechanics. The second of Einstein's 1905 papers proposed what is today called the uncommon hypothesis of relativity. At the time Einstein realized that, as indicated by Hendrik Antoon Lorentz's hypothesis of electrons, the mass of an electron expanded as the speed of the electron moved toward the speed of light. Einstein likewise realized that the electron hypothesis, in light of Maxwell's conditions, conveyed alongside it the presumption of a luminiferous ether, however that endeavors to distinguish the physical properties of the ether had not succeeded. Einstein understood that the conditions portraying the movement of an electron in actuality could depict the nonaccelerated movement of any molecule or any appropriately characterized unbending body. He put together his new kinematics with respect to a reevaluation of the old style guideline of relativity, that the laws of material science needed to have a similar structure in any casing of reference. As a second basic speculation, Einstein ac cepted that the speed of light stayed consistent in all casings of reference, as required by old style Maxwellian hypothesis. Einstein surrendered the speculation of the ether, for it assumed no job in his kinematics or in his reevaluation of Lorentz's hypothesis of electrons. As an outcome of his hypothesis Einstein recouped the marvel of time dilatation,

Media Impact on Body Image

Media Impact on Body Image This examination is on media’s pessimistic impact on a persons’ self-perception. The paper will distinguish the issue of how and why media, for example, famous people, magazines, TV, promoting, and informal organizations contrarily focus on an individuals’ self-recognition. This exploration is significant in light of the fact that numerous lady, and young ladies of our way of life endure a lot of despondency, stress, dietary issues, and numerous other mental issues; on account of not having the option to meet out of reach slight  ideals set by the media. This exploration can be valuable to numerous on the grounds that it can help make  women mindful about the perilous impacts of the media. To the extent making ladies who see something that isn’t genuine, the media is to blame. This exploration  will instruct  girls that they don’t need to appear as though an A-rundown model or big name to be delightful. Self-perception in the media goes back to the extent the start of the twentieth century. Previously, surprising body types, for example, voluptuous Marilyn Monroe set the norms for ladies. By the 1960s self-perception was taken over by supermodels with their 90 pound body outlines. These small figures included in early TV and magazines and definitely started changing the meaning of â€Å"beautiful†. Self-perception grows somewhat as an element of culture in light of social stylish standards (Kim, Lennon 2007). I’ve found in some examination that each general public has its own particular manner of tormenting ladies. Mental change is connected with natural change which realizes how individuals characterize physical appearance dependent on different exposures to media. Media has such a great amount of authority over the individual gazing back in the mirror.   Racine says,  80% of ladies younger than 18 have had a go at counting calories or the like to get results like the photograph shopped pictures of numerous models and VIPs that are on places like â€Å"Instagram and Facebook.† â€Å"These pictures that individuals see are PC made and the weight control plans are not real.† Says Munro and Huon. At the point when results are not seen in the wake of attempting handy solutions it could prompt young ladies as youthful as third grade being bulimic and discouraged. This exploration  would  open the psyches of teenagers who experience the day by day battle attempting to fit in and achieve the unthinkable by doing as such in extraordinary risky hazardous ways. Young ladies need to realize that regardless of what a scale says it doesnt characterize them as an individual, nor how delightful they are. Some examination says that media is continuously showing signs of improvement with including progressively positive messages inside notice. â€Å"I wouldnt state that it’s compounding, however is media  really showing signs of improvement? What does the future hold the extent that self-perception inside the media?† Say If society  doesn’t further  reach out to  youth about the dangers of being affected by unfortunate eating regimen prevailing fashions, and not cherishing themselves on the grounds that the TV  â ,  as companions, educators, and guardians, society has fizzled. The media has rolled out a couple of improvements just to drive away the negatives that tossed at them to the extent simply being flimsy. Simultaneously, media despite everything keeps on causing note inside the music culture to tune in to and the most well known apparel to bring in cash on the grounds that flimsy is the thing that sells in our way of life. The more regrettable piece of the entirety of this is mental and dietary issues can begin in young ladies as youthful as seven or eight as indicated by the Journal of School Health. Ten years back it was sheltered to state that youngsters were alright to be presented to media and it influences at the ages of 15 and 16. Presently as a result of how simple gadgets are to learn, kids are presented to hardware as youthful as 2. By the age of 5 they are utilizing indistinguishable interpersonal organizations from 26 and multi year old grown-ups, presenting their brains to things they can’t completely process. Going up against and teaching a basic matured youngster about adoring themselves and sound exercise and eating methodologies is increasingly pertinent with digital tormenting, and self-assessment happening in view of not looking how the media says they should look. Media is believed to be the main wellspring of impact on negative self-perception. Some other research focuses to hereditary qualities, and mingled reactions credited to useless childhoods. Some think things, for example, low confidence result from damaging childhoods. In like manner, when stout youngsters are raised by putting down guardians who offend them with food and their physical appearances, it can cause issues as they create and develop in their adolescent years. The option is that early mediation  will help forestall long haul medical problems for lion's share of patients with dietary problems and awful self-steadiness. To complete these strategies individuals should be taught. Beginning more  non-benefit association that go to rudimentary, middle school, and even universities  to instruct ladies and young ladies on this theme. The individuals who care about this subject as much as somebody experiencing it , and even with a little encounter would be expected to help with this task. Teenagers and even grown-ups end it all consistently due to not having the option to fit in.  Fundraisers to bring issues to light and cash for their families would help also. More guides to converse with more individuals who battle with dietary issues, and discover more data regarding why the media focuses on the individuals they do and precisely how they do it, so as to adequately enable the individuals who to succumb to it. One thing that needs the most consideration, and  further inquire about is brain research of the cerebrum, and clinical issue of these casualties to the media. This examination is expected t o completely comprehend why lady intellectually want to attempt to do as they see.   Many individuals ignore these issues and push the reasons of trouble, sadness, and outrage to different things that individuals experience or are encountering in their life that exact second. By and large this  research is practical in light of the fact that it’s something that is going on now. Such a significant number of individuals can identify with succumbing to the Medias ridiculous view of ‘beautiful’. Significant assets have been discovered, for example, the Journal of School Health, NeTweens: The Internet and Body Image Concerns in Preteenage Girls, and furthermore Media Influence on the Body Image of Children. Bunches of individuals concur with this and however there are numerous non-benefit associations for this subject,  another voice cant hurti. Primary school young ladies are fixated on their weight, teen’s regular experience mental issues, and numerous ladies pay bunches of cash for diet handy solution crazes that don't work. The media works admirably at maneuvering our general public into the promotion that bring about deals. Regardless of whether the contention is made that media isn't simply the initiator of a woman’s observation, only a reflection of society, the media despite everything should assume liability for at any rate propagating the brokenness. Works Cited Lawrie, Z., et al. Media Influence On The Body Image Of Children And Adolescents. Dietary problems 14.5 (2006): 355-364. SPORTDiscus. Web. 16 Oct. 2014. Monro, F, and G Huon. Media-Portrayed Idealized Images, Body Shame, And Appearance Anxiety. Global Journal Of Eating Disorders 38.1 (n.d.): 85-90. Science Citation Index. Web. 16 Oct. 2014. Tiggemann, Marika, and Amy Slater. Nettweens: The Internet And Body Image Concerns In Preteenage Girls. The Journal Of Early Adolescence 34.5 (2014): 606-620. PsycINFO. Web. 16 Oct. 2014. Racine, Elizabeth F., et al. The Relationship Between Media Use And Psychological And Physical Assets Among Third-To Fifth-Grade Girls. Diary Of School Health 81.12 (2011): 749-755. ERIC. Web. 16 Oct. 2014.

Handshake The Illinois Internal Job Board for Students

Handshake The Illinois Internal Job Board for Students So, being a senior here at Illinois is bittersweet. I am sad to leave the University of Illinois and will miss all of the people and experiences I have had here. However, I am ready to move on and get my career started. Just like you, starting here at Illinois as a freshman or transfer student, I am ready to begin a new chapter in my life. But a big stressful thing about being a senior anywhere is finding a job post-graduation. There are plenty of job sites like LinkedIn, Monster and Indeed to help students like me find internships and jobs, however, it could be overwhelming because those sites are not just designed for students. But thankfully, Illinois has just revamped its internal job board and it is now called Handshake. Handshake is an internal job board that connects thousands of companies with students. Similar to LinkedIn, it allows you to connect with employers and apply to their job postings, job shadows and career exploration programs. The one big thing that annoys me about applying to jobs that are not on Handshake is that I have to upload a resume every single time. However, on this site you can just upload your resume once and it will be saved. Most jobs on the site will allow you to do a 1-click apply and your resume will get sent right to their recruiters. This saves both parties time and will make an easier job application experience. It also serves as a great resource during preparing for career fairs. It lists each and every employer that will be in attendance for each career fair and what jobs they will be recruiting for. This allowed me to learn more about the company and position so when I spoke with the recruiters in person, I would be more knowledgeable and prepared to answer their questions. In fact, I have gotten two of my last summer internships from the internal job board here at Illinois. My experiences at Motorola Solutions and SpotHero would have never happened if I didn’t utilize the free resource that Handshake provides. I urge every Illini when they are here to take advantage of Handshake. Daniel Class of 2018 I’m an Advertising major in the College of Media. I’m from a northwest suburb of Chicago called Buffalo Grove. I chose Illinois because it was the first university in the entire world to offer an Advertising major, which is pretty cool!

The Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals of Rhode Island

Persuasive Essay On School Uniforms - 1671 Words

Hari Mainali South University School Uniform Abstract Freedom of dress is violated by restricting on school uniform. A school and university have their own dress code which does not require a particular dress. Some researcher and scholar suggest misbehavior in the student are the result of banning uniform. But misbehavior is what they acquired in their life. Banning uniform, student can exercise their right to express themselves freely. Student will be able to focus on education and save money too. By removing restriction on uniform of student can achieve good education and feel free of expressing themselves as uniform has nothing to do with their character. It is important because it gives freedom of right to student and†¦show more content†¦Both the above arguments regarding the school uniform.try to suggests their own opinion. â€Å"It is typically assumed, as exemplified in Long Beach, that uniforms are the sole factor causing direct change in numerous behavioral and academic outcomes. Those pronoun cements by uniform proponents have raised strident objections and created a political climate in which public school uniform policies have become highly contested. The ongoing public discourse is not only entrenched in controversy but also largely fueled by conjecture and anecdotal evidence. Hence, it now seems critical that empirical analysis should be conducted to inform the school uniform debate. In this study, we investigated the relationship between uniforms and several outcomes that represent the core elements of uniform proponent s claims. Specifically, we examined how a uniform affects attendance, behavior problems, substance abuse, and academic achievement. We believe that a thorough analysis of the arguments proposed by uniform advocates will add critical insight to the ongoing debate on the effects of school uniform policies. (Brunsma and Rockquemore, 1998, p. 4). Brunsma concluded that there is no positive correlation between uniforms and school safety or academic achiev ement. However, both discuss about whether to wear school uniform or not, but didn’t give the clear idea of its positive or negative impacts of the dressShow MoreRelatedSchool Uniforms Persuasive Essay1069 Words   |  5 Pagesmany schools around the world enforce uniforms, requiring students to wear specific clothing. School uniforms, which was first established in 16th century England, are a topic of much debate in the public school system of the United States. Many people feel that uniforms reduce competition among students and bring a sense of unity in school. People who are against school uniforms think that they prevent students from expressing themselves and inhibits creativity. Many students dislike school uniformsRead MoreSchool Uniforms Persuasive Essay1001 Words   |  5 PagesMake a Difference? If schools could automatically have more safety, a stronger sense of unity within students, and higher self esteem for every individual student at a minimal cost without transgressing any laws, or stepping over students rights it is doubtful that many would turn up their nose to all of these things. There is no difference between this situation and the benefits that school dress codes would provide. While the majority of public schools do not require uniforms, the ones that do reportRead MorePersuasive Essay On School Uniforms979 Words   |  4 PagesThe age old argument of whether or not uniforms and dress codes should be enforced in schools seems to never conclude. The issue of appropriate clothing in schools is controversial and provoking. Many argue that abolishing a student’s choice in their attire violates their freedom of expression. Students use what they wear to express themselves; their clothing gives them a sense of a unique style and identity. Others argue that pe rmitting students to wear whatever clothing they like can create unnecessaryRead MoreSchool Uniforms Persuasive Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesAssociation (2016), an estimated 160,000 students missed school every day due to a fear of violence and harassment from their peers. Students at many schools, including my own, have become more divided. This division has resulted in bullying especially towards students that stand out from the crowd with the way they look and dress. Along with continuing the anti-bullying programs already in place, public schools should implement a school uniform in order to reduce divisions among students, which shouldRead MorePersuasive Essay On School Uniforms1422 Words   |  6 PagesCatholic elementary school, middle school, and high school. I found it easier to attend and focus on school when wearing the same clothes as everyone else. Today, tiny southern towns even to the nations largest cities, public school uniforms have become so common this year t hat in many areas, they are no longer the exception, but the rule (Lewin â€Å"Dress for Success: Public School Uniforms†). Imagine a parent’s comfort in knowing their child was being treated as an equal at school each and every dayRead MorePersuasive Essay On School Uniforms717 Words   |  3 Pages The idea of school uniforms has been a vital point within school districts for a long time now. As a parent with two kids within the school system, it is a popular trend amongst schools as both my children’s schools require for their student to wear uniform. However, more recently, students as well as parents are beginning to disagree with the enforcement with school uniforms as they believe uniforms are possibly taking away the right of self-expression for students. Although this is a valid complaintRead MorePersuasive Essay On School Uniforms723 Words   |  3 Pagesmandatory for students to wear uniforms, they have evidently been misled. Uniforms kill individua lity and creativity, are too expensive for some, and can lower both self-esteem and performance of students in school. Many critics are bringing to light the crisis of dropping individuality and creativity; we cannot afford let it plummet any further. School uniforms destroy diversity and kill courage, on top of preventing individual student expression. In addition, school uniforms provide an almost jail likeRead MoreSchool Uniforms Persuasive Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesBenefits of Uniform Adoption in Public Schools Ever wonder what it would look like to have all students wearing the same white polo shirt, black pants, and a district sweater walking in the hallway? Nowadays, public school and many districts are discussing the possibilities of enforcing the uniform policy. In most places, many private schools already require students to have their mandatory uniforms; however, there are only a few public schools adopting this mandatory school-uniform policesRead MoreSchool uniform persuasive essay2016 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ School Uniforms: Agree or not? Uniforms are globally used at schools around the world, especially schools in Asia. In Asia, the policy of wearing uniform enforces strongly during school hours and whenever at schools. The policy is enforced because schools want to teach discipline to their students and prevent unanticipated troubles at school. The policy of school uniforms is not completely implemented in the United States, especially public schools. According to the US Department of Education,Read MorePersuasive Essay On School Uniforms1889 Words   |  8 Pagesfor all schools to implement school uniforms in the classroom for all students. Schools everywhere across the America are changing their policies due to changes of their dress code. Whether it be due to vulgar language, inappropriate content, or the same outfit for all students, this is becoming more popular across America. In a recent study done by Statistic Brain it has shown that twenty three percent of countries across of America have implemented a pol icy that requires school uniforms. The school

What is the challenge in the healthcare Free Essays

Improving the quality of the health care system is among one of the prevailing challenges that United States. The health care system plays a major role in the society because the lives of the people depend on it. Improvement in the standard quality of health care as well as increase in medical knowledge enables people to live a fuller lives (Bernanke, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on What is the challenge in the healthcare or any similar topic only for you Order Now Health care involves the prevention and treatment of ailments as well as the preservation of mental and physical well-being through services offered by the health and medical profession (The Free Dictionary, 2004). The quality of health care is a very significant aspect which affects the country scientifically, socially and economically. Health care is not only confined to the prevention and treatment of sickness but it also covers the health care organizations and associations. Lack of health care access is among one of the many challenges that the health care reform must address. As of 2006, studies show that almost forty seven million Americans or sixteen percent of the population lacks insurance which means to say that they get less health care attention than those people with insurance thereby causing their health to suffer. It is a well-known fact that the quality of medical technology and research in the United States is very high, however, the highest level of effectiveness may only be achieved if there is information dissemination and consistencies in policy implementation(Bernanke, 2008). Since the quality of health care is a global concern, then the answer to the problem should be apt to encompass global barriers. Countries from around the globe should gather to surpass economic and political barriers and unite to form a strategic plan in order to overcome and address this problem. How to cite What is the challenge in the healthcare, Papers

Othello Essay - How Iago is the catalyst for the targedy free essay sample

Analyse how Shakespeare portrays the character of Iago as the catalyst of this tragedy. It is true that in Shakespeare’s Othello, Iago is portrayed as the catalyst and the foremost cause for the events that unfold. Shakespeare portrays this through Iago’s manipulation and power of words, and his continual playing on people’s weaknesses and strengths. This is represented through the impact that he has on other characters, in particular of Othello and Cassio. In Shakespeare’s Othello, the character of Iago is portrayed as one of pure evilness, a man who sets out to destroy the other characters and turn â€Å"virtue into pitch† (II, iii, L 343) with no real motive, seemingly just for fun: â€Å"for my sport and profit† (I, iii, L380). Iago is also portrayed as a manipulative and devious character, constantly being likened to a scheming spider through the imagery depicted in his soliloquys: I shall â€Å"make the net/ That shall enmesh them all,† (II, iii, L 343-344). We will write a custom essay sample on Othello Essay How Iago is the catalyst for the targedy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, not a single character in Othello has any idea of Iago’s true character. He is of high status in the Venetian military and has earned the trust of everyone, as seen through their constant repetition of the fallacious epithet honest: â€Å"A man he is of honesty and trust† (I, iii, L 284). Through this deception of â€Å"I am not what I am† (I, i, L 65), Iago is able to psychologically manipulate and control characters and so is portrayed as the catalyst behind the events that unfold. Shakespeare’s Othello also portrays Iago as the catalyst behind the tragedy through his impact on Othello. Othello at the beginning is a man of eloquence and accomplishment, and is essentially at the peak of his personal and professional achievements. He is dignified and rational, as seen through his reaction to Brabantio’s threats: â€Å"Were it my cue to fight/ I should have known it,† (I, ii, L 83). However, Iago is able to carefully and masterfully entrap Othello into believing that his wife, Desdemona, is having an affair with his lieutenant, Cassio. He plays on Othello’s goodness of a â€Å"Free and open nature† (I, I, L 393) and thinking â€Å"men honest that but seem to be so,† (I, i, L 394). This, as well as his close proximity and his aforementioned deceptive reputation, entice Othello to trust his words, however foul they may be, and through his language of manipulation, Iago is able to psychologically control Othello. Iago realises that Othello, like all tragic heroes, has a fatal flaw, which in this case is provoked jealousy. Thus he plays on Othello’s vulnerable state of being an outside figure and a subject of scrutiny to manipulate and spark jealousy inside of him: â€Å"She did deceive her father, marrying you†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦She loved them most,† (III, iii, L 205-207). Furthermore, Iago never states overtly. He merely echoes Othello and leads him to draw his own conclusion through allusions. This is depicted when Iago subtly reminds Othello of Desdemona: â€Å"My friend is dead†¦.. but let her live† (III, iii, L 106-107). The full impact which Iago has on Othello is shown through the contrast of Othello’s language from the beginning and towards the end of the play. Iago’s animalistic and hellish lexicon have infected Othello that even he, a once eloquent man, uses similar language: â€Å"â€Å"I will chop her into messes! † (IV, i, L 106). Furthermore, Iago is portrayed as a representation of a devil on Othello’s shoulders. His manipulation was so successful that he acts as Othello’s conscience towards the end of the play, as depicted through his ability to control Othello into killing Desdemona by his method of liking: â€Å"Do it not with poison/ Strangle her in her bed,† (IV, I, L 202). Thus, it can be determined through Iago’s impact on Othello how Shakespeare has portrayed Iago as the catalyst in Othello. Iago’s impact on another character, Cassio, also depicts how Iago is portrayed to be the catalyst in Shakespeare’s Othello. Cassio is described as a man who â€Å"hath a daily beauty in his life,† (V I, L 20) and is also the man who won his abovementioned position over Iago. This jealousy provokes Iago to destroy Cassio in every way. Similar to Othello, Iago uses his words of manipulation to play on Cassio’s weakness of drinking and strength of being an honourable and trustworthy man. He does so by convincing Cassio to drink for his superior, Othello, something a man of Cassio’s honour can’t turn down: â€Å"Tis a night of revels: The gallants desire it,† (II, iii, L 39-40). Cassio’s repetition of â€Å"Reputation, reputation, reputation! † (II, iii, L 252) depicts the vital importance of it to him, and Iago plays on this desire to regain it by convincing him to talk to Desdemona and making her plea to Othello on his behalf. Although Iago rightfully says â€Å"this advice is free I give and honest,† (II, iii, L 320), through the dramatic irony continuously created in his soliloquys, the responders are forewarned of the true intentions behind every action. In this case, Iago explains how he will â€Å"Pour this pestilence in his (Othello’s) ear†¦.. for her body’s lust,† (II, iii, L 339-340). Iago is also able to take advantage of circumstances which therefore impacts on characters, especially Cassio. An example of this is how Iago plants Othello’s handkerchief in Cassio’s bedroom. This handkerchief, a prized possession of Othello’s which he gave to Desdemona, is a symbol of Othello’s, and to a lesser extent Cassio’s, downfall as it is the final proof needed to break Othello. Furthermore in the final act when â€Å"[Iago darts from concealment behind Cassio, wounds him in the leg, and exit]† (V, I, L29-30), it shows how through his stage directions, Iago is able to impact on Cassio and always be an instigator while always lurking in corners and in the shadows to maintain his â€Å"honest† reputation. Hence, it can be seen how Iago’s impact on Cassio has portrayed him as the catalyst in Othello. In Othello, Shakespeare portrays the character of Iago as the catalyst behind the tragedy that unfolds through Iago’s manipulative and deceptive language and nature, which is presented through his impact on the characters of Othello and Cassio.

None_provided Essays (1628 words) - Gender, Childhood, Behavior

None_provided Essays (1628 words) - Gender, Childhood, Behavior None_provided It is difficult for a child to grow up without experiencing some form of gender bias or stereotyping. When in school, many of their ideas and beliefs are reinforced by their friends, teachers, and other adults. For example, when teachers ask their students to form two lines, there is usually one line for boys and the other for girls. When children play, they avoid playing with the opposite sex because they prefer the company of their own kind. The result is a self-imposed segregation between boys and girls. Research has been done on this phenomenon. Many sociologists have been trying to explain gender roles and differences. Some say sex differences are biologically determined and some believe they are socially constructed. Children behave accordingly to their gender roles as early as two or three years old. From preschool on up to middle-school, children live in two separate worlds girls and boys. Inside the classroom, children often chose to sit with others of the same sex. This sep aration is also seen outside of the classroom boys played with other boys and girls with other girls. Barrie Thorne who wrote, Girls and Boys Together...But Mostly Apart: Gender Arrangements in Elementary Schools, states that the separate worlds exist as a result of deliberate activity (p. 140). Boys and girls have separate tables where they sit in the lunchroom. If a boy were to sit on one of the girls' tables, he would be laughed at or called a girl by other boys. Thorne explains that teachers and aides use gender as a basis for sorting children and organizing activities. They have math and spelling contests where boys compete with girls and sometimes children are lined up separately when walking down the halls. Other studies have distinguished between aspects of stereotypes by separately asking about what is typical in girls and boys versus what would be ideal. For example, Rothbart and Maccoby (1966) assessed parents' opinions about differences that actually exist between boys a nd girls and differences that should exist. Similarly, Maccoby and Jacklin (1974) were interested in comparing parents' beliefs about sex differences in young children with how desirable certain characteristics are for girls and boys. They reported that the characteristics perceived as being typical of boys and girls were quite different. Typical boy behaviors were being noisy, rough, active, competitive, defying punishment, and enjoying mechanical objects. Typical girl behaviors were helpful, neat and clean, quiet, well-mannered, crying, and being easily frightened. In contrast, parents reported that it was important for both boys and girls to be neat and clean, helpful, to take care of themselves, not to cry, to be competitive, and to be thoughtful and considerate. These results lead Maccoby and Jacklin to speculate that parents may be trying to socialize children of both sexes toward the same goals. In my field research, I observed children in an elementary school in order to und erstand how gender roles are formed, especially at an early age. I went to Hollingworth Elementary School in West Covina, California. This is the school I went to during my years in elementary. The school is only a ten-minute walk from my house in Los Angeles. The children I was most interested in studying were from the ages of six through eight first and second graders. I took on the view from a distant position, being a complete observer. I went to the school during their lunch hour, observing the children during their recess time. I only had a notebook and pen in order to write down what I observed. I situated myself on one o the planters located to the side of the blacktop, near the handball courts. Before starting my observation, I went to the principal's office to inform them of my research project. They were very accommodating and told me I was able to observe the children from a distance. I did not spend five hours in one day observing the children. Instead, I went to the sc hool during the week and observed them about an hour each time. The role I took on as a complete observer did not pose any problems. A few children looked and stared at me, probably wondering what I was doing

Changing Font Properties in VB.NET

Changing Font Properties in VB.NET Bold is read-only in VB.NET. This article tells you how to change that. In VB6, it was dead easy to change a font to bold. You simply coded something like Label1.FontBold, but in VB.NET, the Bold property of the Font object for a Label is read-only. So how do you change it? Changing Font Properties in VB.NET With Windows Forms Heres the basic code pattern for Windows Forms. Private Sub BoldCheckbox_CheckedChanged( _ByVal sender As System.Object, _ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _Handles BoldCheckbox.CheckedChangedIf BoldCheckbox.CheckState CheckState.Checked ThenTextToBeBold.Font _New Font(TextToBeBold.Font, FontStyle.Bold)ElseTextToBeBold.Font _New Font(TextToBeBold.Font, FontStyle.Regular)End IfEnd Sub Theres a lot more than Label1.FontBold, thats for sure. In .NET, fonts are immutable. That means once they are created they cannot be updated. VB.NET gives you more control than you get with VB6 over what your program is doing, but the cost is that you have to write the code to get that control. VB6 will internally drop one GDI font resource and create a new one. With VB.NET, you have to do it yourself. You can make things a little more global by adding a global declaration at the top of your form: Private fBold As New Font(Arial, FontStyle.Bold)Private fNormal As New Font(Arial, FontStyle.Regular) Then you can code: TextToBeBold.Font fBold Note that the global declaration now specifies the font family, Arial, rather than simply using the existing font family of one specific control. Using WPF What about WPF? WPF is a graphical subsystem you can use with the .NET Framework to build applications where the user interface is based on an XML language called XAML and the code is separate from the design and is based on a .NET language like Visual Basic.  In WPF, Microsoft changed the process yet again. Heres the way you do the same thing in WPF. Private Sub BoldCheckbox_Checked( _ByVal sender As System.Object, _ByVal e As System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) _Handles BoldCheckbox.CheckedIf BoldCheckbox.IsChecked True ThenTextToBeBold.FontWeight FontWeights.BoldElseTextToBeBold.FontWeight FontWeights.NormalEnd IfEnd Sub The changes are: The CheckBox event is Checked instead of CheckedChangedThe CheckBox property is IsChecked instead of CheckStateThe property value is a Boolean True/False instead of the Enum CheckState. (Windows Forms offers a True/False Checked property in addition to CheckState, but WPF doesnt have both.)FontWeight is a dependency property of the Label instead of FontStyle being the property of the Font object.FontWeights is a NotInheritable class and Bold is a Static value in that class Whew!!  Do you think Microsoft  actually tried to make it more confusing?

Communications plan Of kelloggs Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Communications plan Of kelloggs Company - Essay Example Enactment of new tariffs or changes by the same also affects the company performance and its general financial position. Changes in the existing taxes also affect Kellogg's operations since; there will be an increase in the expenses of the company (Boehlje, Krause & United States, 2001, 13). This poses a challenge for the Company because it has to find ways of increasing its revenues in order to cover up the expenses. In addition, political unrests and terrorist attacks in the Unites States also affect the flow of work in the company. For instance, terrorist attacks will normally lead to massive losses due to fall in the demand of foodstuffs. However, it is not all times that the political environment will create challenges for the company. At times it also creates opportunities for the company. For instance, when the government creates trading opportunities in the economy, or creates new investments in the country. The country is able to increase its revenue by taking advantage of s uch investments (Boyce,  2002, 32). The economic environment of the company also has a great impact on the company’s operations. Economic downturns affect the consumer demand of the products being offered by the company (Kellogg’s, 2008, 9). This is because; consumers will only be attracted to buy products which are lowly or averagely priced, but not highly priced. Therefore, economic problems such as inflation or increase in prices also affects the company’s financial statements due increase in the expenses. For instance, increase in the prices of raw materials, fuel and labor costs, increases the production costs of the company. Kellogg’s company mostly uses agricultural products such as wheat, corn and sugar. Therefore, any slight price increases in the agricultural market pose a challenge to its operations. In addition, shortages in labor, and the general inflationary pressures in the economy increase the labor costs of the company. Social/cultural effects mainly involve effects arising from the reaction of the customers. Kellogg’s Company produces products which directly affect customers since; the products involve direct consumption by the public (Kellogg's, 2008, 8). Therefore, the company has the duty to produce high quality products which will not have adverse effects on the customers’ health. Therefore, the company has to check on the safety and quality of its products. The ingredients used in the food products also have to vary depending on the culture of the target group. This is due to the fact that; different cultures consume different foods and despise different foods too (Peterson,  2004, 15). Competition is also a factor that greatly affects the operations of Kellogg’s Company because; the company operates in a highly competitive industry, the food industry (Kellogg's, 2008, 7). There are many other businesses that are engaged in the supply of fast foods and ready-to-eat cereals. Most of the se businesses also have strong financial positions and thus they are highly competitive. Therefore, Kellogg’s also has to improve its operations in order to match up the challenge posed by its competitors (West,  2001, 41). Technology is also a factor that affects the company immensely. This is because; technological failures would disrupt its operations since; the company greatly relies on information technology to store and transfer data. For instance, its inventory management system is electronic and thus, it highly

Human Aspects of Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Aspects of Decision Making - Essay Example adership skill is linked to innate abilities within an individual and highlight effective tactics both at internally processing information and outwardly projecting intrinsic personality traits; negating the premise that success in leadership can be learned through instruction. There has recently been a resurgence of interest in the impact of personality in the workplace, including the behaviour of employees and organisational behaviour processes (Leung & Bozionelos, 2004). Effective communication, decision making, and negotiation skills have been heralded as success tools for an organisational leader, however, the idea that these abilities can be learned through instruction is somewhat naà ¯ve. Personality might best be defined as an individuals unique patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that endure over a period of time and across specific situations. These very much internal patterns of awareness help to shape an individuals perceptions regarding how to best handle conflicts, process information, and how to shape a decision to appropriately fit the situation. Successful leaders use their passion, values, and personal mission to create and maintain influence (Frisina & Steltzer, 2001). With this idea in mind, it is important to recognise that learned theories, without the internal propensity for personality-based judgments, are ineffective theories that lack the substance of intuition and personality-based understandings of the environment. Personality traits are literally encoded in the nervous system as structures that guide consistent behaviour across a wide variety of situations (Morris & Maisto, 2005). Recognising the psychological principal that personality is a genetic attribute allows for the assumption that communication, decision making, and negotiation practices are derived of inborn, natural talents that cannot be properly taught through any contemporary module. This really should not be surprising, because all executives are different,

What Is The Effect Of Mcdonalds On Society Cultural Studies Essay

What Is The Effect Of Mcdonalds On Society Cultural Studies Essay Most prominent changes came with the arrival of fast food  restaurants like  McDonalds into foreign countries, transformational have taken set which could be clearly as favorable or undignified to that culture. There are 1.5 million franchises in the US but there are about half of the total franchises are outside of the U.S. in over 120 countries. All the reputation and destiny of McDonalds, there are fear about how the broaden of standardization of the franchise is affecting culture, manner and the environment. In fact, the McDonalds has proved to the local culture to adopt their culture. The globalization of McDonalds creates many argues on equally both sides of the issue. The pro- globalization hopes are that it develops culture rather than ruin.   . McDonald does also modify its regional menus to proof to local taste. There has been a effect of traditional values with the arrival of nontraditional food items into the culture of foreign countries. The kinds of food items are representative to particular regions, religions and society. To give an example, Indian Hindus and Sri Lankan Buddhist people, believes that the cow is to be holy to their religion. Diversity can be originated in Indias food and its culture. McDonalds is viewed as American and the society away from conventional foods towards fast food is measured to be Americanization  of the diet. This perception has more far attainment effects than is seen on the surface. The Americanization of the food also shows that the culture and a way of thinking which in not acceptable to many states. Although they have done many changes in the eating habits of the nations influenced by the culture of McDonalds there has been many positive aspects. With the development of technology and communication the world it seems to be moving faster. The initiation of fast food into foreign cultures allows the opportunity to keep up with this fast development. Culture is ever changing and thus McDonalds moving to another step in the growth of culture with the changes. Now the menu has given people a new choice over the traditional foods eaten in the past. Strategies of McDonalds The companys ability to determine what consumers want and need and adapt to that is a major strategy they are using according to the culture differences of countries. Another great McDonalds strategy is, such as the delivery service offers even though in crowded cities such as Shanghai. Not only does the company make more sales by catering to the traffic-challenged, time-constrained, and lazy, it saves itself some money at the same time, because delivered meals require no table clean-up at the restaurant. Currently government around the world criticizing the fast food items because of the health issues, some countries are taken some actions to band TV advertisements of such fast food items due to the health conscious. Therefore McDonalds have done dramatic changes on their menu items with healthier salads, fruits and small portion size to encourage the balanced and healthy life style. Rather than implementing new technology to replace human labor, McDonalds is using a youthful workforce in an every country. it has beautiful appearance , brightly lit and climate control, seats ,tables , kids play materials, organized vehicle park, shiny counters creates open and cheerful environment in all country of McDonalds. Employees wear bright color and neat dress and smiles at customers while they working efficiently. Even employee has responsible for cleaning the toilets and floors work in a discipline manner. Outlet menu displays in the behind of the counter with soft backlighting and the photographic image of the food items. And open , clean, kitchen are shows to the customers how the hamburgers and fried chicken are prepared. It seems to be conveying gender equality and attracted the female consumers. And adjustment in behavior of McDonalds outlets in other country culture is a great strategy of McDonalds. Earlier McDonalds operated it services till the evening hours, bu t now days 40% of McDonalds are staying at night ours also because of the culture of night works. Culture Diversity of McDonalds McDonalds in Japan In 1971, first McDonalds was established by Den Fujita, president of Fujita Shoten in Japan in 1955. Perhaps the culture of Japan is almost like Asian culture the code of their food preparation is shows their culturally oriented society. The lunches are made by home and must be consumed quickly and entirely by sharing. Rice is so symbolically vital to Japanese culture that Japanese say they can never feel full until they have consumed their rice at a particular meal or at least once during the day. Here food preferences shows their culturally oriented. Earlier look and feel of both the products and stores of McDonalds were similar to those in the United States.   After some experimented they have done slight changes in their menu of food items according to the Japanese culture under one of McDonald guiding principles which is known as a commitment to exceeding customer expectations. And there is a wonderful culture they are having like Asian, eating together at one table, is innermost to the Japanese. It creates a sense of community. It is the essence of a food that bonds families and creates social relationships. But McDonalds hamburgers are meant to be eaten individually and cannot be shared therefore they introduced like Mc rice in Asian counties. And also their cultural physical arrangements of restaurants also changed to their expectation. Japan had neither tables nor seats; there were counters in which customers were expected to eat their meals on the  go. So they included tables in the layout, although the first floor of the restaurant is to ordering foods and others for seating areas. It is not only a place for great fast food in Japan but also a wonderful place to take a nap when they are coming from a late nights work. There are always people sleeping in McDonalds and also can see people studying over there, they most probably leave their stationery items and bags there. Often can see somebodys bag just left on a seat or a table its the owners way of saying this is my seat dont even think about it. They walk in, leave their bag where they want to sit and then go to order their food. It is look like a cafe, having comfortable seat. (Appendix-1.1). Mc Donalds of Japan is having different culture rather than other country McDonalds. Generally if you left your belongings on the tables like that, people would just leave them alone, However, I havent heard anyone sleep or study in McDonalds before. According to our culture if anybody did it will be made as a guilty thing for them, but it is happening in Japan published photographs in websites are proving that. It is showing their culture of Cinnamon melt anyone whos try them should agree they are the best, McDonalds adopting their culture and providing services according to their culture. Although McDonalds uses Australian beef unaffected by mad cow disease, the fatal brain-wasting ailment, Japanese consumption of beef and Big Macs dropped sharply at the time McDonalds in Hong Kong The first McDonalds of Hong Kong was established on 1975. Already they had the culture of fast food. They are giving more preferences to time, so other restaurants. Now eco-ethnic- pretentiousness is going out of the way. Generally Honk Kong wedding especially for the working class and the rich is a pressure and often financially crippling ordeal. Typically Hong Kong couple spends $29,000 on their wedding, and their average monthly income in Hong Kong is about $2,250. And they have the traditions, viewed as so troublesome by many young Chinese thus their wedding falls to a joyless, domestic and societal responsibility that leaves them with a heavy debt and little in the way of loving memories. Therefore they introduced Mc Wedding in Hong Kong to have a great wedding for young couples. It will be the first city in the world to roll out McDonalds wedding packages for couples introduced on January 1st, 2011.  Wedding package starts around $1,000. And the package is include with a ceremony, reception, decorations, personalized menu and catering, complete with an apple pie wedding cake, dress made out of party balloons, kiddies party favors for gu ests, and catering by McDonalds.   Now many people in Honk Kong celebrating their wedding at McDonalds, it shows they are adopting the culture of American whos celebration typically as joyful and independently. Although introduced joyful wedding celebration strictly Alcohol is banned, so newlyweds will have to toast their union with soft drinks instead to maintain McDonalds guiding principles.  McDonalds changed the young culture in Hong Kong, but it would be great impact to their culture might be create the unhealthy nature and environmental impact of fast food. It does issue for many cultures, would be effect their own culture value, rather supporting the community through improvement. McDonalds offered a rice burger a meat patty sandwiched by sticky rice molded into a bun in Taiwan, Singapore, the Philippines and Hong Kong who giving preference for heavy meals. Like the Japanese, the locals in Hong Kong viewed hamburgers as snack food. The corporate culture of McDonalds has traditionally been to offer value meals but, Identifying a way to collaborate McDonalds food with the Hong Kong culture and he has been successful. McDonalds has a research centre in North Point (Hong Kong) where it studies the quality of foods.   The areas that this office focuses include Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, and 37 markets of Africa.   This centre has created many new products within the McDonalds market. Today, McDonalds in Hong Kong continues to offer plain hamburgers at breakfast, but the dietary preferences of the locals are now more compatible to Americans. . Eventually concludes that the Mc World theory is somewhat do changes to exceeding customer expectations under their guiding principles. It is difficult to convincing from

‘Up’ The Movie

Up is a movie directed by Pete Docter and produced by Pixar Animation Studios. Its lead actors are; Edward Asner, Christopher Plummer and Jordan Nagai. Up is an animation, adventure, comedy, drama and family movie which was released on the 3rd of September 2009 in Australia. This film struck me for its stunning and beautiful images. No doubt we face one of those movies that are meant to be enjoyed by children and their parents at the same time. The story tells about an elderly widower, grumpy, stubborn dreamer, Carl, who decides to realize his childhood dream, a dream that once shared with his late and beloved wife to travel to Paradise Falls in South America. When her beloved little house is turned into an island surrounded by skyscrapers and he is pressured by real estate deals, and authorities want to send him to a nursing home, Carl decides to escape by tying thousands of balloons to his home with a rudimentary but ingenious navigation system. The first surprise of the trip is to discover that carrying a stowaway, Russell, a nice boy scout who became his travelling partner. The story is fast-paced, with moments of humour, suspense and overall sleek and stunning animated images. The actors did a very good roll making the voices for every character and they made us believe and feel what the story was about, they made us feel sad and happy at the same time. I must confess that the first minutes of the film are very depressing. The first minutes are a stark summary of Carl’s life. We see it in his childhood, when he was just a child, the stage where he meets another girl who would become his future wife. We quickly turned into young love, marriage, happy moments, sad moments, diseases and Carl burying his beloved wife which is truly shocking and hard. Music plays a very important roll in this part of the movie because no one talks and the music does everything, they try to make you feel happy and sad just with the music and it is very effective. It is a very good movie that everyone would enjoy and it is very well produced too. I think it is suitable for children and adults who want to spend an entertaining time.

Media in the American Revolution Thomas Paine and His...

The writings of Thomas Paine and his famous pamphlet, Common Sense, are viewed by many as having a profound and instrumental part in the ideology supporting the American Revolution. As important as Paines writings were, there were a great many other publications that played a major part in developing and reporting the process that eventually resulted in the Revolution and the ultimate formation of a new government in the former British colonies. To fully understand the nature of the power of the printed media in the years leading up to the American Revolution one must develop recognition for how information traveled in the late 18th century. Print media and word of mouth were the only two available methods of communication in those years and the print media was still in its infancy. Nevertheless, limited circulation newspapers such as the Boston Gazette, the New England Courant, the Gazette of the United States, and the National Gazette were used by their owners and writers as both v ehicles of information and as propaganda weapons in the philosophical and political debate that led up to the American Revolution. Leaders on both sides of the Revolutionary debate contributed to the information being provided by the colonial newspapers. The range of these contributions was wide in both style and purpose. Benjamin Franklins approach was to be subtle and witty and to suggest an accommodation with the crown while Samuel Adams was openly defiant and oppositional. In betweenShow MoreRelatedAmerican Revolution Essay2256 Words   |  10 PagesA revolution is defined as being a generally violent attempt by many people to end one rule of governing, and to create their own (Websters Dictionary). The founding of our own independent country is based on such a notion, with our forefathers fighting to gain their freedom from the oppressive rule of Colonial England. With rampant fears of tyranny from a country deemed a super power, the American people were divided in their views of creating their own government, making the definition of a revolutionRead MoreFounding Brothers9626 Words   |  39 PagesPreface: The Generation Some people thought that American independence was Manifest Destiny, Tom Paine, for example, claimed that it was simply a matter of common sense that an island could not rule a continent. But for the most part, triumph of the American revolution was improbable, and therefore it is a remarkable event in history. No one expected that Britain, the strongest country in the world would be defeated by the colonies, and that Americas Republic, a government uncommon inRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesby Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book

Definition and Examples of Body Language

Body language is a type of nonverbal communication that relies on body movements (such as gestures, posture, and facial expressions) to convey messages. Body language may be used consciously or unconsciously. It may accompany a verbal message or serve as a substitute for speech. Examples and Observations Pamela listened dumbly, her posture informing him that she wouldnt be offering any counter-arguments, that whatever he wanted was okay: making amends with body language.(Salman Rushdie, The Satanic Verses. Viking, 1988)The fun part is the process of, of getting to know a girl. Its like, its like flirting in code. Its using body language and laughing at the right jokes and, and looking into her eyes and knowing shes still whispering to you, even when shes not saying a word. And that sense that if you can just touch her, just once, everything will be okay for both of you. Thats how you can tell.(Iyari Limon as Potential Slayer Kennedy, The Killer in Me. Buffy the Vampire Slayer, 2003) Shakespeare on Body Language Speechless complainer, I will learn thy thought;In thy dumb action will I be as perfectAs begging hermits in their holy prayers:Thou shalt not sigh, nor hold thy stumps to heaven,Nor wink, nor nod, nor kneel, nor make a sign,But I of these will wrest an alphabetAnd by still practice learn to know thy meaning.(William Shakespeare, Titus Andronicus, Act III, Scene 2) Clusters of Nonverbal Cues [A] reason to pay close attention to body language is that it is often more believable than verbal communication. For example, you ask your mother, Whats wrong? She shrugs her shoulders, frowns, turns away from you, and mutters, Oh . . . nothing, I guess. Im just fine. You dont believe her words. You believe her dejected body language, and you press on to find out whats bothering her.The key to nonverbal communication is congruence. Nonverbal cues usually occur in congruent clusters--groups of gestures and movements that have roughly the same meaning and agree with the meaning of the words that accompany them. In the example above, your mothers shrug, frown, and turning away are congruent among themselves. They could all mean Im depressed or Im worried. However, the nonverbal cues are not congruent with her words. As an astute listener, you recognize this incongruency as a signal to ask again and dig deeper.(Matthew McKay, Martha Davis, and Patrick Fanning, Messages: The Communicatio n Skills Book, 3rd ed. New Harbinger, 2009) An Illusion of Insight Most people think liars give themselves away by averting their eyes or making nervous gestures, and many law-enforcement officers have been trained to look for specific tics, like gazing upward in a certain manner. But in scientific experiments, people do a lousy job of spotting liars. Law-enforcement officers and other presumed experts are not consistently better at it than ordinary people even though they’re more confident in their abilities.There’s an illusion of insight that comes from looking at a person’s body, says Nicholas Epley, a professor of behavioral science at the University of Chicago. Body language speaks to us, but only in whispers. . . .The common-sense notion that liars betray themselves through body language appears to be little more than a cultural fiction, says Maria Hartwig, a psychologist at John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City. Researchers have found that the best clues to deceit are verbal--liars tend to be less forthcom ing and tell less compelling stories--but even these differences are usually too subtle to be discerned reliably.(John Tierney, At Airports, a Misplaced Faith in Body Language. The New York Times, March 23, 2014) Body Language in Literature For the purpose of literary analysis, the terms non-verbal communication and body language refer to the forms of non-verbal behaviour exhibited by characters within the fictional situation. This behaviour can be either conscious or unconscious on the part of the fictional character; the character can use it with an intention to convey a message, or it can be unintentional; it can take place within or outside of an interaction; it can be accompanied by speech or independent of speech. From the perspective of a fictional receiver, it can be decoded correctly, incorrectly, or not at all. (Barbara Korte, Body Language in Literature. University of Toronto Press, 1997) Robert Louis Stevenson on Groans and Tears, Looks and Gestures For life, though largely, is not entirely carried on by literature. We are subject to physical passions and contortions; the voice breaks and changes, and speaks by unconscious and winning inflections, we have legible countenances, like an open book; things that cannot be said look eloquently through the eyes; and the soul, not locked into the body as a dungeon, dwells ever on the threshold with appealing signals. Groans and tears, looks and gestures, a flush or a paleness, are often the most clear reporters of the heart, and speak more directly to the hearts of others. The message flies by these interpreters in the least space of time, and the misunderstanding is averted in the moment of its birth. To explain in words takes time and a just and patient hearing; and in the critical epochs of a close relation, patience and justice are not qualities on which we can rely. But the look or the gesture explains things in a breath; they tell their message without ambiguity; unlike speech, th ey cannot stumble, by the way, on a reproach or an illusion that should steel your friend against the truth; and then they have a higher authority, for they are the direct expression of the heart, not yet transmitted through the unfaithful and sophisticating brain.(Robert Louis Stevenson, Truth of Intercourse, 1879)